Can States and School Districts Cut Costs Through Digital Learning?

Digital learning represents wide-open terrain for K-12 education reform. Several states — Alabama, Arizona, Idaho, Michigan and Minnesota — require students to take an online course to receive a high school degree. Twenty-seven states have established statewide full-time virtual schools since the first opened in 1997 in Florida, according to a report by the International Association for K-12 Online Learning, an indication of virtual education’s growing appeal.

As with all innovations, though, there is always a question of cost for providing such new technologies, especially when states are providing less per-pupil funding.

A study released last week by the Education Center of Excellence at the Parthenon Group (commissioned by the conservative education think tank, the Fordham Institute) suggested that the costs of digital learning could be significantly less than more traditional modes. The authors cautioned that its findings must be interpreted with some caveats: costs vary across digital education platforms and different entities pursue online learning for different reasons (cost-savings versus enhanced offerings, for example).

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Online schools offer other options

AZVA is the only option we have found that will provide him a quality education and does not rob him of dignity or kill him!

Of course, that means that we must be certain that he does his work, but that’s not really any different from regular schools.

My son scores high on his AIMS tests, so I know we’re on the right track.

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Teaching online presents challenges

Kristina Valles’ day starts like that of any worker in a cubicle: She arrives, dons a telephone headset and starts answering e-mails.

The difference is that Valles is a math teacher in the latest educational experiment to sweep the states: online learning.

Valles works at Primavera Online High School. She has no textbooks, no work sheets to copy, no homeroom, no tired feet at the end of the day. Her students never see her during the school day.

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The stories behind the story of K12 Inc.

This year, Luna successfully pushed a controversial education reform package dubbed “Students Come First,” which mandated online courses as a graduation requirement and promised a laptop for every student.

And in 2008, Arizona blogger David Safier reported that K12 was outsourcing a critical teacher function — grading papers — to workers in India. The company later discontinued that practice.

I could go on, but you get the point. Local reporters in farflung places were paying attention to virtual schools long before folks in big cities took notice. And for that, they deserve a heap of credit.

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Experts: Online schools in dire need of oversight

Two years after Arizona dropped its limits on the number of online schools, some educators and leaders say the state needs to regulate schools more closely to ensure quality.

But Arizona’s loose regulation is not unique.

Nationally, experts who have studied online schools say no state has model regulations for them. A growing number of states are increasingly bent on ensuring there are fewer barriers to the growth of online schools. The belief is that the marketplace will bring the needed discipline to the system as parents and students choose good schools and reject bad ones.

Arizona online schools get state funds, and students attend for free. The number of online charter and district schools has grown from 14 to 66 in the past two years.

Some Arizona political leaders are talking about possible changes that would bring more regulation of online schools.

Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction John Huppenthal was a strong supporter of online schools when he served in the Legislature. He says the state Department of Education needs to review the state’s online program and conduct a thorough analysis of student academic progress. He also favors random surveys of parents whose children are enrolled in the largest online providers to get their opinions on quality.

“I’m always in favor of more choices and more options, but I have more nervousness about this part of the K-through-12 environment than I have with other sectors because I always want to make sure there is real value being created for society by the public-education system,” Huppenthal said.

Sen. Rich Crandall, R-Mesa, chairman of the Senate’s Education Committee, favors changes that would encourage online schools to boost student achievement. Now that the state’s online program has been around for more than a decade, “it’s time to look at these policies in place and see, ‘Are we getting the best academic achievement for the money we’re spending?’ ” he said.

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Arizona non-profit schools’ ties to for-profits raise flags

Damian and Vanessa Creamer run the largest online public school in Arizona, Primavera Online High School.

The charter school is a non-profit, but it pays a for-profit company for help.

Primavera’s largest contractor is American Virtual Academy, which powers the courses with curriculum and learning software. From 2005 to 2009, Primavera paid the company annually between 42 percent and 50 percent of its total revenue.

American Virtual Academy is owned by the Creamers and is located in the same Chandler office as Primavera.

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Online schools face questions over quality, effectiveness

Traditional measures of quality, such as passing rates on Arizona’s Instrument to Measure Standards test and graduation rates, don’t give the full picture, online-school officials say. Many students attend online because they have fallen behind in traditional schools and need extra help or time.

Students come and go at a fast rate because some students and their parents are unprepared for the self-motivation and discipline that online courses demand, said Barbara Dreyer, president and CEO of Connections Education, a Maryland-based company that operates a national group of virtual schools.

“We have plenty of students with low scores who are really trying,” said Dreyer, whose company operates Arizona Connections Academy. “We will move them up. It may take us two years, but we will move them.

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Arizona online schools are rapidly expanding enrollment

Online classes are expanding rapidly in Arizona’s public schools, reshaping the way children learn all the way down to kindergarten.

More K-12 Arizona students are trading in the traditional campus experience for learning by computer at home any time of day or night. The number of students in Arizona-approved online schools has more than tripled over the past six years. Nearly 36,000 students, or about 3 percent of public-school students in the state, took at least one online course in 2010-11.

Students attend for free because, like any public school, online schools get state funding.

The growth is being greeted with a mix of hope and alarm. Online education, a staple at colleges for years, holds a lot of promise because it strips away the limits of fixed time and place for school. It allows students in any place to be taught at any time, and at their own pace. It uses e-mail, chats, video, audio and animated graphics to engage. A dull lecture can become a compelling interactive lesson.

Two weeks into the 2009-10 school year, Peoria mom Stacy Gebhart was unhappy with the school her twins attended.

Class sizes had grown at West Wing School in the Deer Valley Unified district because of budget cuts. The sixth-grade lessons sometimes seemed full of fluff, Gebhart said. In one class, the first week of school was spent making a poster to illustrate life’s highlights.

A friend told her about online schools, so the family decided to try Arizona Virtual Academy. More than a year later, the stay-at-home mom says her 12-year-old daughters, Hannah and Sydney, are less stressed and more engaged in learning. They earned A’s and B’s in the online school, as they did at West Wing.

Stacy sees plenty of other benefits: No morning rush. No evening homework. No drama with other girls at school.

A different model for online schools

The school is the Education Program for Gifted Youth, also known as the Stanford Online High School (SOHL) because of its affiliation with the university. Let’s look at how it differs from the typical charter online school — say, Arizona Virtual Academy (AZVA), which is part of the K12 Inc. for profit corporation.

Start with money. AZVA is free to students. The state gives it somewhere in the $6,500 to $7,500 range per student. SOHL is private, and expensive. It costs $14,800 a year, or $3,200 if someone wants to take a single class.

AZVA has a 50-to-1 student-to-teacher ratio. That’s not a typo. It’s really a 50 to 1 ratio. Kinda makes you wonder why a school without buildings or sports or drama or music programs and which has about half as many teachers per student as bricks-and-mortar schools gets the same amount of state funds per student as the other schools, doesn’t it? Shouldn’t conservative budget hawks be all over this waste of taxpayer money?

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Online Courses for Elementary and High School Students?

In an effort to accommodate students with varying levels of advancement and in reaction to state budgetary cuts, at least 30 states in the US now let elementary and high school students take all their courses online.

According to Evergreen Education Group, a consulting firm that works with online schools, an estimated 250,000 students nationwide are enrolled in full-time virtual schools, a 40 percent increase in the last three years. And the International Association for K-12 Online Learning, a trade group, says two million kids take at least one class online.

Advocates say online schooling can save states money, offer curricula customized to each student and give parents more choice in education.

“I don’t think learning has to happen at school, in a classroom with 30 other kids and a teacher… corralling all children into learning the same thing at the same pace,” Allison Brown, a Georgia mother of three, says. “We should rethink the environment we set up for education.”

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